If we tell you that a sudden breakup or any other emotional shock such as a death or the announcement of a disease can cause you serious heart problems, would you believe us? Well, that’s what we’re going to show you. But don’t panic, it seems there’s little chance of dying from it!
What is broken heart syndrome?
The broken heart syndrome, also called “stress cardiomyopathy” or “takotsubo“, is a temporary disorder of the heart muscle that can occur following an intense emotional stress, such as the loss of a loved one or a romantic breakup.
It is characterized by a chest pain, weakness and heart rhythm disorders, which can be similar to those of a heart attack. The heart can also take the shape of a takotsubo (a Japanese pot used for catching squids) in cardiac imaging, hence the name of the disease.
The broken heart syndrome corresponds to the massive and abrupt release of adrenaline and hormones from stress which will literally block the lower half of the main pumping chamber of the heart. In return, the upper part of the chamber will have to produce much more energy to make the heart work.
The adrenaline is a hormonal substance that should in principle stimulate the organism, making it stronger or faster. In this specific case, it either neutralizes or paralyzes the heart, preventing it from functioning. The accumulation of stress will trigger a significant release of stress hormones, preventing the heart from contracting normally. Essentially, overwhelmingly strong emotions will swamp your heart to the point that it feels like it’s going to explode.
Broken heart syndrome is generally considered a temporary and reversible disorder, but it can be dangerous in certain cases. It can cause temporary damage to the heart muscle and disturbances in heart rhythm, which can increase the risk of a heart attack. In rare cases, it can also cause serious complications, such as acute heart failure or death.
The menopausal women would be mainly affected (90%), the question is why men would be spared. They are suspected of dying faster from the syndrome, less accustomed to stress and the violence of emotions.
A broken heart is not a heart attack
According to the research conducted to date, all victims of the syndrome survive even though its symptoms correspond to a heart attack. This diagnosis can lead to inappropriate treatment. It seems that in the UK, 2% of the 300,000 annual heart attacks would correspond to the so-called broken heart syndrome. The exact number of people who die from it before reaching the hospital is unknown.
It is still impossible to clearly identify the symptoms. Doctors rely on certain observations. A heart attack corresponds to a blocked coronary artery, whereas a broken heart syndrome does not prevent optimal functioning of the arteries.
It is important to consult a doctor immediately if you exhibit symptoms of broken heart syndrome, such as chest pain, dizziness, or heart rhythm disorders. Treatment may include medication to relieve symptoms and prevent complications. Taken immediately, broken heart syndrome is reversible.
Overcoming a breakup or winning the jackpot, it’s the same
According to research by Dr. Alexander Lyon of the Royal Brompton, a hospital specializing in the treatment of heart diseases and other lung conditions, it is entirely possible to die from shock, whether it’s a fear or a painful emotion (loss of a loved one) or an unexpected joy (winning a game).
So yes, conversely, takotsubo can also occur in cases of intense joy, this is then referred to as “happy heart syndrome”, a variant of the broken heart. But the happy heart syndrome is a term used informally and not officially and is still little studied.